Sclerotherapy has been used in the treatment of varicose veins for over 150 years. Like varicose vein surgery, sclerotherapy techniques have evolved during that time. Modern techniques including ultrasonographic guidance and foam sclerotherapy are the latest developments in this evolution.
The first reported attempt at sclerotherapy was by D Zollikofer in Switzerland, 1682 who injected an acid into a vein to induce thrombus formation.[4] Both Debout and Cassaignaic reported success in treating varicose veins by injecting perchlorate of iron in 1853. Desgranges in 1854 cured 16 cases of varicose veins by injecting iodine and tannin into the veins. This was approximately 12 years after the probable advent of great saphenous vein stripping in 1844 by Madelung. However, due to high rates of side-effects with the drugs used at the time, sclerotherapy had been practically abandoned by 1894.[6] With the improvements in surgical techniques and anaesthetics over that time, stripping became the treatment of choice.
Work continued on alternative sclerosants in the early 20th century. During that time carbolic acid and perchlorate of mercury were tried and whilst these showed some effect in obliterating varicose veins, side-effects also caused them to be abandoned. Prof. Sicard and other French doctors developed the use of sodium carbonate and then sodium salicylate during and after the First World War. Quinine was also used with some effect during the early 20th century. At the time of Coppleson’s book in 1929, he was advocating the use of sodium salicylate or quinine as the best choices of sclerosant.
Further work on improving the technique and development of safer more effective sclerosants continued through the 1940s and 1950s. Of particular importance was the development of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) in 1946, a product still widely used to this day. George Fegan in the 1960s reported treating over 13,000 patients with sclerotherapy, significantly advancing the technique by focusing on fibrosis of the vein rather than thrombosis, concentrating on controlling significant points of reflux, and emphasizing the importance of compression of the treated leg.The procedure became medically accepted in mainland Europe during that time. However it was poorly understood or accepted in England or the United States, a situation that continues to this day amongst some sections of the medical community.
The next major development in the evolution of sclerotherapy was the advent of duplex ultrasonography in the 1980s and its incorporation into the practice of sclerotherapy later that decade. Knight was an early advocate of this new procedure and presented it at several conferences in Europe and the United States. Thibault’s article[8] was the first on this topic to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Praise for excellence
by Ruby Wood
Category: generalSince my first visit with Dr. Luxenberg, I have felt there is hope for my skin. Being an elderly woman of 88 years, a redhead with freckles and sensitive skin, it has never been easy for me to find a doctor who really took the time to be thorough with examination and treatments. Not only is Dr. Luxenberg the best dermatologist I've ever been treated by, but he also has a pleasant bedside manner and an amazing, interesting personality. I can tell that he genuinely cares if his patients are comfortable during treatments. When I was referred to Dr. Luxenberg, some three years ago, it was a very good day for me.
You will not find a better Dermatologist than Dr. Rosenberg
by Matthew Thomas
Category: generalDr. Rosenberg has been my dermatologist since 2005. I grew up swimming competitively while also playing water polo, tennis and volleyball and I knew my years in the sun would ultimately catch up to my skin. His proactive approach and thoroughness during my visits has been a tremendous help! Dr. Rosenberg also has a table side manor that other doctors should strive to achieve. His back office staff are kind, friendly and very timely when responding to questions and inquiries. I cannot say enough good things about him and his practice!!!
Best Clinic and best Dr is Mr. Martinez
by Alexander Newton
Category: serviceMr. Martinez is the best doctor in this world, he helped me allot in my eczema, he is the only doctor after so many year of wasting time was able to bring my eczema level to almost zero, I see him every 3 months, He is never late or out, He always there for me giving me a medicine that no one prescribed to me, even the clinic is not charging allot just affordable price that I am sure other clinics will charge 10 times more, also did couple excisions, and treated my callas and mt allergy. His clinic is also very clean and stuffs are always working. I highly recommend Mr Martinez to everyone. Thanks to you Mr Martinez, you have changed my life for the better! !!! I can not thank you enough. Thank you for always being there when I need you.
Surgery on face
by Christine McDonnell
Category: serviceDr luxenberg I was referred to Dr Matthew Luxenberg at the Los Alamitos office by a friend of mine. He came highly recommended. My L jaw line was extremely swollen and painful. I have presently seen Dr Luxenbery 2x so far. The day of the appt the front office staff & the nursing staff were kind & compassionate. My appts have been right on time so I never had any waiting. They used extra precautions due to covid so I felt very safe. I have been an RN PHN for over 30 years and know many many doctors that I have worked with and gone to as a patient. I have been so impressed with Dr Luxenberg that I felt compelled to write a review. Dr Luxenberg is not only an EXCELLENT doctor but he is also very compassionate . It is very difficult t find doctors that have both competency and compassion. Dr Luxenberg has BOTH . Most doctors would NOT have taken care of my medical problem on the 1st visit. They do an initial visit and have you come back . The staff got me an appt within just a few days & the doctor performed surgery on my jaw line at the FIRST VISIT. The office has a surgical room which most doctor offices do NOT have . They have you go t a an out patient surgical clinic or hospital to perform the surgery. This costs the patient a lot of extra money and Incontinence AND increased exposure t covid. It just goes to show how much Dr Luxenberg CARES about his patients & wants to take care of his patients as quick and easy as possible. MY face looks normal again & all my pain is completely gone. I suffered with this pain for over a year. I had went t a plastic surgeon initially in Jan this year . The plastic surgeon did a very poor job on my face and left my jaw line looking abnormal and did not even take care of my medical problem . I was actually in more pain following that appt. I enjoy my visits with Dr Luxenberg because when he is performing surgery he makes SURE the patient has NO pain during the surgery. He is such an excellent doctor he completed my surgery so quickl
Great!
by jim becker
Category: generalDr Luxenberg and his staff have been great for me for over 30 years and before that Dr Newman
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